How it is possible for the living entity to exist separately from the body.



“Regarding the analogy comparing fire and its fuel to the soul and the body, one may argue that to some extent fire is dependent upon its fuel and cannot exist without it. Since we do not experience the existence of fire independent of fuel, one may therefore still question how it is possible for the living entity to exist separately from the body, become covered by it and eventually become free from it. Only through the Supreme Personality of Godhead’s knowledge potency (vidyā) can one clearly understand the nature of the living entity. By vidyā, or real knowledge, one may cut material existence to pieces and even in this lifetime experience spiritual reality. According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, our material existence is an artificial imposition. By the Lord’s inconceivable potency of nescience, the qualities of gross and subtle material forms are psychologically imposed upon the living being, and because of misidentification with the body, the living entity initiates a series of illusory activities. The present material body is like a tree that produces the karmic seed of the next body. However, this cycle of ignorance can be cut to pieces by the transcendental knowledge explained by the Lord.


Unfortunately, the conditioned souls, being inimical to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, do not accept the perfect knowledge spoken by the Lord. Instead they remain absorbed in gross and subtle illusion. But if the living entity accepts the Lord’s knowledge, his whole situation can be rectified, and he can return to his original, eternal, blissful life of perfect knowledge in the direct association of the Lord.”


Source: A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (2014 edition), “Srimad Bhagavatam”, Eleventh Canto, Chapter 10 – Text 10. 



1. The Limitation of the Fire Analogy

  • The Argument: In the material world, we never see fire existing without fuel. This leads to the skeptical conclusion that the soul (fire) cannot exist without the body (fuel).

  • The Counter-point: While fire seems dependent on fuel, the passage suggests that this observation is limited by our material perception. We cannot understand the soul's independence through physical observation alone.

2. The Role of Vidyā (Transcendental Knowledge)

  • Source of Understanding: Real knowledge of the soul comes only through the Supreme Lord’s "knowledge potency" (vidyā).

  • Liberation: Vidyā is described as a tool that "cuts material existence to pieces." It allows a person to experience spiritual reality even while still living in the physical world.


3. Material Existence as an "Artificial Imposition"

  • Psychological Imposition: According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, the qualities of our physical and mental bodies are projected onto the soul.

  • The Mechanism of Illusion: Because the soul misidentifies with the body, it begins a "series of illusory activities" (Karma).

  • The Tree of Karma: The current body is compared to a tree; its actions create "seeds" that grow into the next material body, creating a cycle of birth and death.

4. The Obstacle of Enmity

  • Resistance to Truth: Conditioned souls often remain in illusion because they are "inimical" (hostile or indifferent) toward the Supreme.

  • Choice of Absorption: By rejecting perfect knowledge, the living entity remains trapped in both gross (physical) and subtle (mental/emotional) illusions.

5. The Path to Rectification

  • Acceptance: The cycle of ignorance is broken simply by accepting the Lord’s transcendental knowledge.

  • The Ultimate Goal: By rectifying their situation, the soul returns to its original state:

    • Eternal: Beyond the death of the body.

    • Blissful: Free from material suffering.

    • Associative: Re-entering direct association with the Divine.


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