History of Bhagavad Gita

 

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

imaṁ vivasvate yogaṁ

proktavān aham avyayam

vivasvān manave prāha

manur ikṣvākave ’bravīt

Translation

The Personality of Godhead, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, said: I instructed this imperishable science of yoga to the sun-god, Vivasvān, and Vivasvān instructed it to Manu, the father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to Ikṣvāku.

Purport

Herein we find the history of the Bhagavad-gītā traced from a remote time when it was delivered to the royal order of all planets, beginning from the sun planet. The kings of all planets are especially meant for the protection of the inhabitants, and therefore the royal order should understand the science of Bhagavad-gītā in order to be able to rule the citizens and protect them from material bondage to lust. Human life is meant for cultivation of spiritual knowledge, in eternal relationship with the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and the executive heads of all states and all planets are obliged to impart this lesson to the citizens by education, culture and devotion. In other words, the executive heads of all states are intended to spread the science of Kṛṣṇa consciousness so that the people may take advantage of this great science and pursue a successful path, utilizing the opportunity of the human form of life.

In this millennium, the sun-god is known as Vivasvān, the king of the sun, which is the origin of all planets within the solar system. In the Brahma-saṁhitā (5.52) it is stated:

yac-cakṣur eṣa savitā sakala-grahāṇāṁ

rājā samasta-sura-mūrtir aśeṣa-tejāḥ

yasyājñayā bhramati sambhṛta-kāla-cakro

govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi

“Let me worship,” Lord Brahmā said, “the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Govinda [Kṛṣṇa], who is the original person and under whose order the sun, which is the king of all planets, is assuming immense power and heat. The sun represents the eye of the Lord and traverses its orbit in obedience to His order.”

The sun is the king of the planets, and the sun-god (at present of the name Vivasvān) rules the sun planet, which is controlling all other planets by supplying heat and light. He is rotating under the order of Kṛṣṇa, and Lord Kṛṣṇa originally made Vivasvān His first disciple to understand the science of Bhagavad-gītā. The Gītā is not, therefore, a speculative treatise for the insignificant mundane scholar but is a standard book of knowledge coming down from time immemorial.

In the Mahābhārata (Śānti-parva 348.51–52) we can trace out the history of the Gītā as follows:

tretā-yugādau ca tato

vivasvān manave dadau

manuś ca loka-bhṛty-arthaṁ

sutāyekṣvākave dadau

ikṣvākuṇā ca kathito

vyāpya lokān avasthitaḥ

“In the beginning of the millennium known as Tretā-yuga this science of the relationship with the Supreme was delivered by Vivasvān to Manu. Manu, being the father of mankind, gave it to his son Mahārāja Ikṣvāku, the king of this earth planet and forefather of the Raghu dynasty, in which Lord Rāmacandra appeared.” Therefore, Bhagavad-gītā existed in human society from the time of Mahārāja Ikṣvāku.

At the present moment we have just passed through five thousand years of the Kali-yuga, which lasts 432,000 years. Before this there was Dvāpara-yuga (800,000 years), and before that there was Tretā-yuga (1,200,000 years). Thus, some 2,005,000 years ago, Manu spoke the Bhagavad-gītā to his disciple and son Mahārāja Ikṣvāku, the king of this planet earth. The age of the current Manu is calculated to last some 305,300,000 years, of which 120,400,000 have passed. Accepting that before the birth of Manu the Gītā was spoken by the Lord to His disciple the sun-god Vivasvān, a rough estimate is that the Gītā was spoken at least 120,400,000 years ago; and in human society it has been extant for two million years. It was respoken by the Lord again to Arjuna about five thousand years ago. That is the rough estimate of the history of the Gītā, according to the Gītā itself and according to the version of the speaker, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa. It was spoken to the sun-god Vivasvān because he is also a kṣatriya and is the father of all kṣatriyas who are descendants of the sun-god, or the sūrya-vaṁśa kṣatriyas. Because Bhagavad-gītā is as good as the Vedas, being spoken by the Supreme Personality of Godhead, this knowledge is apauruṣeya, superhuman. Since the Vedic instructions are accepted as they are, without human interpretation, the Gītā must therefore be accepted without mundane interpretation. The mundane wranglers may speculate on the Gītā in their own ways, but that is not Bhagavad-gītā as it is. Therefore, Bhagavad-gītā has to be accepted as it is, from the disciplic succession, and it is described herein that the Lord spoke to the sun-god, the sun-god spoke to his son Manu, and Manu spoke to his son Ikṣvāku.

Srimad Bhagavad Gita 4.1 

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Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare

Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare

 

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Hare Krishna 🙏

 

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Five topics of Bhagavad Gita

Five thousand years ago the theological science of Bhagavad Gita was spoken by Sri Krishna the Supreme Personality of Godhead to His disciple Sri Arjuna. It stands supreme in its doctrines as the principles of religion were enunciated by God Himself.

There are five main themes illustrated in the Bhagavad-gita. They are:

1. Ishvara – The Supreme Lord,
2. Jiva – The Living Entity,
3. Prakruti – The Material Nature,
4. Kala – Eternal Time and
5. Karma – Activities.

Let us have a summarized understanding of these five topics covered in the Bhagavad-gita.

1. Ishvara – The Supreme Lord

An excellent rose sprouting in the garden doesn’t show up on its own. It has a source – the seed. Clearly there is a cause and an effect for everything in this world. Any object of this world we see is not showing all alone but is created from a source. Along these lines on watchful thought we comprehend that each article has a source. How could a painting show up without a painter, despite the fact that there is an easel, paint, brush, etc? Thus by careful analysis we find the painter as the main reason for a painting to manifest. Similarly the creation is not generated on its own.

Who is the ultimate source of this creation? The Bhagavad-gita pronounces that God is the source and foundation of this entire creation. He is also the maintainer and annihilator. From Him everything radiates. When we see astounding happenings in the grand nature, we should understand that behind this cosmic sign there is a controller. Nothing could be revealed without being controlled.

In the Bhagavad-gita, the Supreme Personality of Godhead Krishna is referred to as Bhagavan. He is declared as the greatest person and as having the supreme consciousness. In the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna addresses Sri Krishna as the Supreme person. Lord Sri Krishna Himself declares that He is also the supreme creator of all planets, the enjoyer of all sacrifices and the friend of all the living entities. In the Bhagavad-gita, He is addressed as Brahman, Paramatma and Ishvara. He is the supreme controller and hence called Ishvara, the Supreme Lord.

2. Jiva – The Living Entity

The living entity has no separate independent identity. He is the marginal energy of the Supreme. When he is entrapped by material energy, he is conditioned and when he is Krishna conscious or aware of the spiritual energy, then he is in his real and natural state of life.

The living entities are part and parcel of the Supreme Lord. Because the living beings are in quality like the supreme controller, they are considered as superior energy. A particle of gold is also gold; a drop of water from the sea is also salty. Similarly, we the living entities, being part and parcel of the supreme controller, Lord Sri Krishna, have all the characteristics of the Supreme Lord in tiny quantity.

Also, living entities are secondary minute controllers. They are always attempting to control nature. This is seen in their attempt to control space or planets. This tendency to control is present in them because it is in Krishna – The Supreme Controller. But the living entities irrespective to their controlling ability can never be equal to the Supreme Controller – Sri Krishna. As the root of a tree maintains the whole tree, Krishna, being the original root of all things, maintains everything in this material manifestation. This is also confirmed in the Vedic literature (Katha Upanishad 2.2.13):

nityo nityanam chetanash chetananam
eko bahunam yovida dhatikaman

The Supreme Lord is the prime eternal among all eternals. He is the supreme living entity of all living entities, and He alone is maintaining all life. Among all the living entities, both conditioned and liberated, there is one supreme living personality, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who maintains them and gives them all the facility of enjoyment according to different work.

3. Prakruti – The Material Nature

Material nature is the separated energy of the Supreme Lord. Material nature is not independent. She is acting under the directions of the Supreme Lord. Material nature or Prakruti is female and she is controlled by the Lord just as the activities of a wife are controlled by the husband. Prakruti is always subordinate, prevailed by the Lord, who is the predominator. Prakruti is always under control of the Supreme Lord, whether inferior or superior. The Superior energy – living entities and Inferior energy – Material nature are both predominated, controlled by the Supreme Lord.

Lord Krishna declares in the Bhagavad-gita as follows: “This material nature is working under My direction.” When we see brilliant things happening in the magnificent nature, we ought to realize that behind this universe there is a controller. That controller is Ishvara Himself.

We should be free from modes of passion and ignorance

Material nature is constituted by three qualities: the mode of goodness, the mode of passion and the mode of ignorance. The manifestation of prakruti may be temporary, but it is not false. The material manifestation takes place at a certain interval, stays for a while and then disappears. This cycle is working eternally. Therefore prakruti is eternal; it is not false.

4. Kala – Eternal Time

Kala means time. Time has got its very great influence. Time’s business is to depreciate. Kala’s business is to kill, destroy. We make a nice house, but as soon as it becomes older it is destroyed. We all have a body, nice body, but the influence of time will ultimately prevail and destroy this body. That is the influence of time. In the Bhagavad Gita, the universal form of Krishna is addressed as “Kala”.

The Kala offers the conditioned souls both happiness and miseries. It is all predestined by eternal time. As we have miseries uncalled-for, so we may have happiness also without being asked, for they are all predestined by Kala. Everyone is suffering and enjoying the result of his own activities. No one is therefore either an enemy or friend of the Lord. Destiny is made by the living beings in course of social contact. Everyone here wants to lord over the material nature, and thus everyone creates his own destiny under the supervision of the Supreme Lord. He is all-pervading and therefore He can see everyone’s activities. And because the Lord has no beginning or end, He is known also as the eternal time, Kala.

Kala is a powerful force of the Supreme Lord which destroys and disintegrates everything of this material world. In the Bhagavad-gita, the Supreme Lord says that He devours everything of this world as Kala

5. Karma – Activities

In this world, living entities are engaged in various activities called karma. Every action in this world brings reaction. Living entities are suffering or enjoying the results of their activities from time immemorial, but they can change the results of karma, or their activity, and this change depends on the perfection of knowledge. The effects of karma may be very old. They do not know what sort of activities they should adopt to gain release from the actions and reactions of all activities. This knowledge is explained in the Bhagavad-gita.

When the living entity is in material consciousness, he has to take on various bodies in the material world. That is called karma or varied creation by the force of material consciousness. According to his identification with material or spiritual nature, he receives a material or spiritual body. In material nature he may take a body from any of the 8,400,000 species of life, but in spiritual nature he has only one body. In material nature he is manifested sometimes as a man, demigod, animal, beast, bird, etc., according to his karma (action). As the soul thus migrates, he suffers the actions and reactions of his past activities. These actions can be changed when the living being is in the mode of goodness, in stability, and understands what sort of activities he should implement. If he does so, then all the actions and reactions of his past activities can be changed. Consequently, karma is not eternal. Therefore of the five items (Ishvara, jiva, prakruti, time and karma) four are eternal, whereas karma is not eternal.

To attain heavenly planets and enjoy their facilities, one sometimes performs sacrifices (yajna), but when his merit is exhausted he returns to earth again. This process is called karma.

Fruitive endeavors to enjoy one’s actions are also called karma. One is always involved in actions in this world. No one can be without work. All of us have to act at least to maintain this body. In the Bhagavad-gita, the Supreme Lord gives us knowledge through which we can gain freedom from reactions of these activities and engage only in non-reactive action called akarma.

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Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare

Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare

 

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Hare Krishna 🙏

 

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Mokshada Ekadasi,

 

Mokshada Ekadasi is a very special Ekadasi in two regards; today was the all auspicious day on which Lord Sri Krishna spoke the Srimad Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, at the place now known as Jyotisha tirtha.Anyone who gifts a Bhagavad Gita away to a deserving person on this day is bestowed profuse blessings by Sri Krishna Bhagavan.

The Ancient History of Mokshada Ekadasi from Brahmanda Purana:

Yudhishthira Maharaj said, “O Vishnu, master of all, O delight of the three worlds, O Lord of the entire Universe, O creator of the world, O oldest personality, O best of all beings, I offer my most respectful obeisances unto You.“O Lord of lords, for the benefit of all living entities, kindly answer some questions that I have. What is the name of the Ekadasi that occurs during the light fortnight of the month of Margashirsha (November-December) and removes all sins? How does one observe it properly, and which Deity is worshipped on that holiest of days? O my Lord please explain this to me in full.”

Lord Sri Krishna replied, “O dear Yudhishthira, your enquiry is very auspicious in itself and will bring you fame. Just as I previously explained to you about the dearest Utpannaa Maha-Dwadasi – which occurs during the dark part of the month of Margashirsha, which is the day when Ekadasi-devi appeared from My body to kill the demon Mura, and which benefits everything animate and inanimate in the three worlds – so I shall now relate to you regarding this Ekadasi that occurs during the light part of the month of Margashirsha. This Ekadasi is famous as Mokshada because it purifies the faithful devotee of all sinful reactions and bestows liberation upon him. The worshipable Deity of this all auspicious day is Lord Damodara. With full attention one should worship Him with incense, a ghee lamp, fragrant flowers, and Tulsi manjaris (buds).

“O best of saintly kings, please listen as I narrate to you the ancient and auspicious history of this wonderful Ekadasi. Simply by hearing this history one can attain the merit earned by performing a horse sacrifice.By the influence of this merit, one’s forefathers, mothers, sons, and other relatives who have gone to hell can turn around and go to the heavenly kingdom. For this reason alone, O king, you should listen with rapt attention to this narration.“There once was a beautiful city named Champaka-nagar, which was decorated with devoted Vaishnavas.  There the best of saintly kings Maharaj Vaikhaanasa, ruled over his subjects as if they were his very own dear sons and daughters.The brahmins in that capital city were all expert in four kinds of Vedic knowledge.The king, while ruling properly, had a dream one night in which his father was seen to be suffering the pangs of hellish torture in one of the hellish planets ruled over by the Yamaraj.The king was overwhelmed with compassion for his father and shed tears. The next morning, Maharaj Vaikhaanasa described what he had seen in his dream to his council of twice born learned brahmins.“O brahmanas,’ the king addressed them, ‘in a dream last night I saw my father suffering on a hellish planet. He was crying out in anguish, “O son, please deliver me from this torment of this hellish condition!”Now I have no peace in my mind, and even this beautiful kingdom has become unbearable to me. Not even my horses, elephants, and chariots and my vast wealth in my treasury that formerly brought so much pleasure, gives me no pleasure at all.Everything, O best of the brahmins, even my own wife and sons, have become a source of unhappiness since I beheld my father suffering the tortures of that hellish condition so. Where can I go, and what can I do, O brahmins, to alleviate this misery?My body is burning with fear and sorrow! Please tell me what kind of charity, what mode of fasting, what austerity, or what deep meditation, and in service upon which Deity I may have to perform to deliver my father from that agony and bestow upon liberation upon my forefathers.

O best among the brahmins, what is the use of one’s being a powerful son if one’s father must suffer on a hellish planet? Truly, such a son’s life is utterly useless, to him and to his forefathers.The twice born brahmins replied, ‘O king, in the mountainous forest not far from here is the ashram where a great saint Parvata Muni resides. Please go to him, for he is tri-kala-jnani (he knows the past, the present, and the future of everything) and can surely help you in your gaining relief from your misery.Upon hearing this advise, the distressed king immediately set out on a journey to the ashram of the famous sage Parvata Muni. The ashram was indeed very big and housed many learned sages expert in chanting the sacred hymns of the four Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva).Approaching the holy ashram, the king beheld Parvata Muni seated among the assembly of sages adorned with hundreds of tilaks (from all the authorised sampradayas) like another Brahma or Vyas.Maharaj Vaikhaanasa offered his humble obeisances to the muni, bowing his head and then prostrating his entire body before him. After the king had seated himself among the assembly Parvata Muni asked him about the welfare of the seven limbs of his extensive kingdom (his ministers, his treasury, his military forces, his allies, the brahmins, the sacrificial offerings performed, and the needs of his subjects).

The muni also asked him if his kingdom was free of troubles and whether everyone was peaceful, happy and satisfied. To these enquiries the king replied, ‘By your mercy O glorious and great sage, all seven limbs of my kingdom are doing very well.Yet there is a problem that has recently arisen, and to solve it I have come to you, O brahmana for your expert help and guidance’.Then Parvata Muni, the best of all sages, closed his eyes and meditated on the king’s past, present and future. After a few moments he opened his eyes and said, ‘Your father is suffering the results of committing a great sin, and I have discovered what it is.In his previous life he quarrelled with his wife and forcibly enjoyed her sexually during her menstrual period. She tried to protest and resist his advances and even yelled out, “Someone please save me! Please, O husband, do not interrupt my monthly period in this way!”Still he did not stop or leave her alone. It is on account of this grievous sin that your father now has fllen into such a hellish condition of suffering.’ King Vaikhaanasa then said, ‘O greatest among sages, by what process of fasting or charity may I liberate my dear father from such a condition?Please tell me how I can relieve and remove the burden of his sinful reactions, which are a great obstacle to his progress toward ultimate release (salvation – liberation – going back home).’ Parvata Muni replied, ‘During the light fortnight of the month of Margashirsha there occurs an Ekadasi called Mokshada. If you observe this sacred Ekadasi strictly, with a full fast, and give directly to your suffering father the merit you thus attain/obtain, he will be freed from his pain and instantly liberated’.Hearing this, Maharaj Vaikhaanasa profusely thanked the great sage and then returned to his palace to perform his vrata (austere rite).O Yudhishthira, when the light part of the month of Margashirsha at last arrived, Maharaj Vaikhaanasa faithfully waited for the Ekadasi tithi to arrive. He then perfectly and with full faith observed the Ekadasi fast with his wife, children, and other relatives.He dutifully gave the merit from this fast to his father, and as he made the offering, beautiful flower petals showered down from the devas who peered out from behind the clouds in the sky. The king’s father was then praised by the messengers of the demigods (devas) and escorted to the celestial region.As he passed his son, as he traversed the lower to middle to higher planets, the father said to the king, ‘My dear son, all auspiciousness unto you!’ At last he reached the heavenly realm from where he can again with his newly acquired merit perform devotional service to Krishna or Vishnu and in due course return back to home back to Godhead.

“O son of Pandu, who so ever strictly observes the sacred Mokshada Ekadasi, following the established rules and regulations, achieves full and perfect liberation after death.There is no better fasting day than this Ekadasi of the light fortnight of the month of Margashirsha, O Yudhishthira, for it is a crystal-clear and sinless day.Whoever faithfully observes this Ekadasi fast, which is like chinta-mani (a gem that yields all desires), obtains special merit that is very hard to calculate, for this day can elevate one from hellish life to the heavenly planets, and for one who observes Ekadasi for his own spiritual benefit, this elevates one to go back to Godhead, never to return to this material world.”

Thus end the narration of the glories of Margashirsha-shukla Ekadasi or Mokshada Ekadasi, from the Brahmanda purana.

Hare Krishna

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Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare

Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare

 

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Hare Krishna 🙏

 

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